Q. What is conjunction?
Conjunction is a word or set of words or set of words that connects two words, phrases or clause in a sentence.
EXAMPLE-
I like Mangoes. I also like Apple
I like Mangoes and Apple =Two words
She studies in the library. She studies at a cafe.
I like Mangoes and Apple =Two words
She studies in the library. She studies at a cafe.
She studies in the library or at a cafe= Two phrases
She likes dogs. Her family does not like dogs.
She likes dogs but her family does not like dogs=clauses
‘Phrases’ or ‘clauses’
Phrases:– it is a group of words and does not are a subject and a verb.
• A clause is a group of word and that does have both a subject and a verb. some clauses independent.
They express a complete thought some classes are independent. they can not stand alone.
• when I come here (Dependent clause )
• she put it on the table [Independent clause]
• conjunction also comes at the beginning of a sentence.
ex- Because I woke up late today, I went to office without eating breakfast.
Types of conjunction
There are three types of conjunctions
1. Coordinating conjunction
2. Subordinating conjunction
3. Correlative conjunction
• Coordinating conjunction
The conjunction connect’ two words two independent phrases and clause is called Coordinating conjunction.
The two connect clause or phrase are on equal importance.
One thoughts + coordinating conjunction +t wo thoughts——————————————————————————
Two thoughts are about the same thoughts
Coordinating conjunction
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Rule
Punctuation Rule for coordinating conjunction
Rule1.
For joining two words | phases
(No comma)
• Riya and Sia are sisters
• My book in the cupboard or on the shelf.
For discussing more than items.
__ items 1, items, 2, items 3, and /
items 4
• please bring Banana, Apple , mango, and grapes for my friend.
Rule2.
Independent clause+ (,)+ coordinating conjunction + independent clause
• We can go to the market, or we can study at home.
• She studied hard, but she could not get first position.
• Sia made a photo frame for his brother, and he liked it.
• The gold is hidden at the beach or by the lake side.
Coordination Conjunction
For she is overnight, for she eats too many pizzas and cake
And Two and Two makes four.
Nor He doesn’t want to eat pizza nor eat biscuits
But I like tea, but my sister likes coffee
Or We can go to the market, or we can stay at home
Yet She run fast in race, yet she came in last position
So She is very helpful, so everybody likes her
• Subordinating conjunctions
The conjunction that join a clause to another on which it depends for its full meaning is called subordinating conjunction.
Subordinating conjunctions are classified according to their meaning—:
——————————————————
The most common subordinating conjunction categories.
1. Time, After, As soon as, Before, Untll/ till, Since, When, Whenever, While.
Concession
Although, Though, Even though
Comparison
Whether, Where as, As much as, Than, Rather than
Condition
If, Provided that, In case, Only if, Unless, Assuming that
Reason
As, In order that, Since, Because, So that, That
Place
Where, Where ever
•Rules
Punctuation
———————
Rule for subordinating conjunctions.
Rule1.
Subordinating conjunctions + Dependent clause+(,)+independent clause
• if you don’t want to go to the market, you can study at home.
Rule2.
• Independent clause + subordinating conjunction + dependent clause
• you can study at home if you don’t want to go to the market.
Time Examples
After – I went to office after I finished the work.
As soon as – as soon as the alarm goes off, i hit the snooze button.
As long as – I don’t care what you do as long as you don’t disturb me.
Before – Brush your teeth before you go to bed.
Untill/till – just wait here till/untill I come back.
Since – It’s so long since I saw them.
When – She was in a bad car accident when so was young.
Whenever – Whenever I hear that song , I think of her.
While – No one left the cinemas while the movie was on.
Show contrast when two thoughts are different opposite.
Concession Examples
Although. I was telling sleepy, I went out with my friend.
Though It was raining he went out
Even though She purchased a small house even though she had a big house.
Note:—
• Although is more formal than through.
• Even though puts stronger emphasis on the contrast between the two clauses it connect, as compare to through and although.
Comparison Examples
Whether You must decide whether you will go by car or by bus.
Whereas Raj is tall whereas his brother is short.
As much as He can eat as much as you.
Than. He is stronger than his brother
Rather than I will love to have coffee Rather than tea.
Condition Examples
In case – I will take cash in case we need .
Only if – You can be successful only if you can study hard.
Unless – Unless you ask her,you will never know.
Assuming that.- I hope to go to college next year assuming that pass my exam.
Reason Examples
As – As he was poor, I helped him.
In order that – Do exercise in order that your health will improve.
Since – Since we’ve got few minutes to wait for the train.
Because – I love my friend artwork because he uses color brilliantly.
So that – He earns so that we may live happily.
That – He was annoyed that he was. Conducted.
Place Examples
Where – He has hidden the treasure where no one is find it.
Wherever – You should have whole grain cereals for breakfast wherever that is possible.
Correlative conjunctions
Correlation conjunction are pairs of joining words that together in a sentence.
The most commonly used correlative pairs are:—
Correlation Conjunction
Both… And
Whether.. or
Either…or
Neither.. nor
Not only…but also
Correlative. Examples
Conjunction
Both/and = Both English and Hindi are spoken in India.
Whether./or = he is confused about whether he should stay in India or move to Canada.
Either/or = Either seema aur dev found my bicycle.
Neither/nor. = I like neither ice cream nor cake
Not only/but also = He was not only a trophy but also money.
Difference between prepositions and conjunctions
A word can either be a preposition conjunction
Preposition
• They describe the position, time or direction of something
It is always followed by a noun/pronoun or a phrase that acts as its object.
Example: After
She went after me
Conjunction
• conjunction does not mention the position, time or direction of something.only does the work of connecting words phrases and clauses.
Example: After
After they finished the meeting they returned to their homes.