Unseen passage for class 10th Solved and Unsolved

Unseen passage

1. Read the passage given below carefully:

1. Today's women is a highly self-directed person, alive to the sense of her dignity and the importance of her function in the private domestic domain and the public domain of the world of work. Women are rational in approach, carefully in handling situations and want to do things as best as possible. The fourth world conference of women held in Beijing in September 1995 had emphasised that no enduring solution of society's most threatening social, economic and political problems could be found without the participation and emphasised the pivotal role of women in eradicating poverty and mending the social fabric.

2.  The constitution of India had conferred on women equal rights and opportunities—

Political, social, educational and of employment— with men. Because of oppressive traditions, superstitions, exploitation and corruption, a majority women are not allowed to enjoy the rights and opportunities, bestowed on them. One of the major reasons for this State of affairs is the lack of literary and awareness among women. Education is the main instrument through which we can narrow down the prevailing inequality and accelerate the process of economic and political change in the status of women.

3. The role of women in a society is very important. Women's education is the key to a better life in the future. A recent world bank study says that educating is not a charity , it is good economics and if developing nations are to eradicate poverty, they must educate the girls. The report says the economic and social returns on investment in the education of girls considerably affect the human development index of the nation. Society would progress only if the status of women is respected and the presence of an education and empowerment of women are closely related.

4. The prevailing cultural norms of gender behavior and the perceived domestic and reproductive roles of women tend to affect the education of girls. Negative attitude towards sending girls to schools, restrictions on their mobility, early marriage, poverty and illiteracy of parents affect the girl's participation in education.

5. Women's political empowerment got a big boost with the panchayat Raj Act of 1993 which gave them 30 per cent reservation in village panchayats Block sanities and Zilla parishads throughout the country. The national commission for women was also set up in 1992 to act as a lobby for women issues.

6. The educational system is the only institution which can counteract the deep foundations of inequality of sexes that are built in the minds of people through the socialization process. Education is the most important instrument of the human resource department. Educational system should be used to revolutionize the traditional attitudes and inculcate New values of equity.

1.1 on the basis of your understanding of this passage answer the following questions with the help of given options:

(a)  What is the generally women's approach in handing situations?

1. emotional

       

2. Romantic

3. Rational.  

4. Technical

(b) No lasting solution of society's problems could be without——————

1. Respecting women

2 . Giving equal status to women

3. Educating women

4. The participation and empowerment of women

(c) Why are many women not allowed to enjoy the basis rights and opportunities?

1. It is due to lack of security for women.

2. It is due to oppressive traditions and exploitation.  

3. It is due to politics of their problems.

4. It is due to lawlessness in society.

(d) How can the prevailing inequality between men and women be narrowed down?

1. By providing women financial support

2. By providing women social recognition.

3. By providing women education. 

4. By providing women political awareness.

1.2 Answer the following questions briefly:

E. What is today women like ?

F. In what ways had the constitution of India been favorable to women? 

G. Which factors adversely affect the education of girls?

 

H. What benefits did the women get with the enactment of the panchayat Raj Act of 1993?

I. How can we remove the sense of inequality  of sexes from the minds of the people?

1.3. pick out the words / phrases from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following:

1. Remove.               ( Para 3 )

2. Change dramatically.    ( Para 6)

Answers: 

a. 3 Rational

b . 4 the participation and empowerment of women.

c . 2 due to oppressive traditions and exploitation.

d. 3 By providing women education

E. Today's women is highly self-directed  person , alive to the sense of her dignity and the importance of her functions in the private domestic domain and the public domain of the world.

F. The constitution of India had conferred necessary because no e during solutions of the social, economic and political problems can be found out without the women's empowerment.

G. Negative attitude like hesitation sending girls to schools, restrictions on their mobility, early marriage, poverty and illiteracy of parents affect the girl's education.

H . With the enactment of the panchayat Raj Act of 1993, women's empowerment got a big boost which gave them 30 per cent reservation in village panchayats, Block samities and Zilla parishads throughout the country.

I. We can remove this prejudice only through the education system which can counteract the deep foundations of inequality of sexes.

1. Eradicate

2. Revolutionize 

     

       

2.  Read the following passage carefully:

Cultured pearl share the share properties as. Natural pearls , and most pearl today are cultured. The only difference is person carefully implants the irritant in the oyster, rather than leaving it to chance. We can step aside and let nature create it miracle.

  In a process referred to as nucleation, highly skilled technicians carefully open live pearl oysters, and with surgical precision make an incision in the oyster's body. Then, they  place a tiny piece of "mantle tissue" from another oyster into a relatively safe location. Then, they place a small round shell or nucleus, beside the inserted mantel tissue.

       The cell from the mantle tissue develop around the nucleus forming a sack, which closes and starts to secrete nacre. The nucleated oyster are then returned to the sea where , in sheltered bays rich in nutrients, they feed and grow , depositing layer after layer of lustrous nacre around the nuclei implanted within them.

  The oyster are given the utmost care during this time while suspended in the water. From the rafts above, technicians check water temperatures and feeding conditions daily at various depths, moving the oysters up or down as appropriate. Periodically, the oysters are lifted from the sea for cleaning and health treatments. Seaweed, barnacles and other sea borne organisms that might interfere with there feeding are removed from the oysters' shells. The shells are also treated with medicinal compounds to discourage parasites.

  Overtime, after eight to 36 months of growth and care, the oysters are ready for the harvest.

 

Those that have survived the many perils of the sea are brought ashore and opened. All pearls must be cleaned and washed to remove residue and odd ours. They are typically tumbled in otherwise some of the nacre may wear off.

    When everything is gone well , a beauty is revealed— the result is a lovely, lustrous and very valuable cultured pearl. Chinese freshwater pearl and Akoya pearls are often treated with chemicals after drilling. This whitens them and makes the color look more even .

A). On the basis of your reading of the above passage make note on it using heading and sub- heading. Use recognisable abbreviation wherever necessary. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

B). Write a summary of the above in  80 words using the notes.

                  

{Answers}

Ans. (a)  Tittle: cultured pearls

Process of pearl Harvesting in oysters 

1). Nucleation

     (a) Surg. Placement of mantel tissue

      (b) Placement of nucleus beside mantle

             tissue

       (c) Formation of sac

       (i) Cell fm. mantle tissue surrounds   -  nucleus

       (ii). Sac closes —nacre secreted to form - layers

d).  Nucleated oysters returned to sea.

e).  Feed and grow in sheltered nutrient rich bays

2). Pearls care

a). Constant monitoring of water temp. & Feeding cond.

b). Health treatment cleaning

i). Sea borne org. Removed fm. Shell

ii). med. Comp . Used for parasites

3). Harvesting

a). After 36 months

b). Cleaned— residue, odours  removed

    (i). Tumbled in rotating barrels with salt without removing nacre.

      Key to the abbreviation and symbols

Surg  —  surgical  

Cond— condition

Fm — from. 

Org —  organism

Temp — temperature

 med — medical

&  — and.     

                     

Comp — compound

b). Summary: 

cultured pearl and harvested by placing mantle tissue from another oyster and a nucleus beside it surgically in the oyster. It produces layers of nacre, which surrounded the nucleus, forming a sac. Nucleated oysters is then returned to the sea in sheltered nutrient rich bays. Water temperature and feeding condition are monitored constantly. Sea borne organisms are removed from its shell by clearing and using medicinal compounds. Oyster is ready for harvesting, after 36 months. Residue and outdoors are cleaned by tumbled it in rotating barrels with salt.

3). Read the following passage carefully:

The commonwealth scientific and Industrial Research organization (CSIRO) is Australia's main scientific body. They conducted research on the toxicity of the interior of new cars over a period of two years. Steve Brown, the head of the CARIO's air quality control research unit drown parallel between the home and the car. He says, "just as air inside our homes and workplaces is often much more pollution than the air outside, so sitting guideline goals". 

     The toxic emissions contain many chemicals and they include for example, benzene, acetone, ethylene benzene, and xylene isomers. The effect of each are far from benign. Benzene is a cancer causing agent, agent, acetone is a mucosal irritant, ethylenebenzene is a systematic toxic agent, and xylene isomers is a foetal development toxic agent.

    So what are the precautions that new car owners have to take? Brown pointed out in a statement that the remedy was simple. "To avoid some exposure to this toxic cocktail, people who buy new cars should make sure that there is plenty of outside air entering the vehicle while they drive it for at least six months. " The implications are clear. Drivers should refrain from using their car air - conditioners and drive with their windows rolled down.

           Answers:

a). On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it using headings and sub-headings. Use recognisable abbreviation wherever necessary. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

b). Write a summary of the above in 80 words using the notes.

Ans.a) Tittle: Research and New cars:

i). CISIRO'S Research on Toxicity & new cars

— toxic ems.  more than health guidelines goals

— contain benzene, acetone, ethylene benzene,& xylene isomers.

— can cause cancer, mucosal irritation, foetal dev. toxic agents

— toxicity remains for 6 mnths. or more

ii). Remedy

—drive with windows rolled down

—let fr. air enter

— refrain from using AC's for six mnths.

Key to the Abbreviation and symbols

&                —                     and

mnths.      —                     Months  

AC'S           —                  air conditioner

ems.          —                    emissions

dev.           —                   development

fr.              —                         fresh

b). Summary:

Australian scientists have warned that smell of a new car contains high levels of toxic air emissions which are hazardous for health. A study by CSIRO, Australia's main scientific body revealed that after leaving the show room, high levels of toxic emissions, remain in the car for 6 months or more.

The toxic emissions are Cancer-causing, a mucosal irritant, a systematic toxic agent. The Remedy is to drive a new car for 6 months without using AC's with windows rolled down.

4).  Read the passage given below carefully:

1. Stress is a body reaction to any demands or changes in its internal and external environment. Wherever there is a change in the external environment such as temperature, pollutants, humidity and working conditions it leads to stress. In these days of competition when a person make up his mind to surpass what has been achieved by others, leading to an imbalance between demands and resources, it causes psycho-social stress. It is a part and parcel of everyday life.

2. Stress has a different meaning, depending on the stage of life you are in. The loss of a toy or a reprimand from the parents might create a stress shock in child. An adolescent who fails an examination may feel as if everything has been lost and life has no further meaning. In an adult the loss of his or her companion, job or professional failure may appear as if there is nothing more to be achieved.

3. Such signs appear in the attitude and behaviour in the individual, as muscle tension in various parts of the body, palpitations and high blood pressure, indigestion and hyper- acidity. Ultimately the result is self-destructive behaviour such as eating and drinking too much, smoking excessively, relying on transquilisers . There are other signs of stress such as trembling, shaking, nervous blinking, dryness of throat and mouth and difficulty in swallowing.

4). In the study sponsored by world Health Organization and carried out by Harvard School of Public Health, the global burden of diseases and injury indicated that stress diseases and accidents are going to be the major killers in 2022.

5. The heart diseases and depression — both stress diseases— are going to rank first and second in 2022. Road traffic accident are going to be third largest killer. These accidents are also an indicator of psycho-social stress in a fast moving society. Other stress diseases like ulcers, hypertension and insomnia ( sleeplessness) have assumed epidemic proportions in modern societies.

6. A person under stress react in different ways and the common ones are flight, fight and flee depending upon the nature of the stress and capabilities of the person. The three responses can be elegantly chosen to cope with the stress so that stress does not damage the system and become distress.

7. When the stress crosses the limit, peculiar to an individual, it lowers his performance capacity. Frequent crossings of the limit may result, in chronic fatigue in which a person feels lethargic, mentally underested and it not easily motivated to achieve anything. This may make the person mentally undecided, confused and accident prone as well. Sudden exposure to unnerving stress may also result in a loss of memory. Diet , massage, food supplements, herbal medicines, hobbies, relaxation techniques and dance movements are excellent stress Busters.

2.1. on the basis of your understanding of the passage, answers the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option:

a). What is stress?

i). stress is a spiritual reaction to changes in the environment.

ii). Stress is strain on the nerves.

iii). Stress is a subtle from of reaction to a change.

iv). Stress is a physical reaction to a changes in the internal and external environment.

b). Frequently crossing of limit of stress may result in———————

i). Heart attack

ii). Chronic fatigue

iii). Escape from the present conditions

iv). Nervous breakdown

Answers:

a). iv) stress is a physical reaction to changes in the internal and external environment.

b). ii) chronic fatigue

2.2. Answer the following as briefly as possible:

c). What are the signs by which a person can know that he is under stress?

d). What is the result of living under such stress?

e). What are the different diseases a person gets due to stress?

f). Give any two examples of stress Busters.

g). What happened when the stress crosses a limit?

h). How does the person react under the stress?

     Answers:

c). The signs by which a person can know he is under stress are muscle tension in various parts of the body, palpitation and high blood pressure, indigestion and hyper- acidity.

d). The result is self- destructive behaviour such as eating and drinking too much, smoking excessively, replying on tranquilisers.

e). The different diseases a person gets through stress are heart disease and depression.

f). The two examples are hobbies and dance.

g). When stress crosses a certain limit it lower it lowers the performance capacity of a person.

h). It may make the person mentally undecided, confused and accident prone as well. Sudden exposure to unnerving stress may also result in a loss of memory.

2.3.  Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following:

i). Rebuke          (para 2)

ii). inactive         (Para 7)

Answers:

i). Reprimand

ii). Lethargic

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